Manufacturing of Large Format Osmotic Membrane Module

Porifera, Inc.

Recipient

San Leandro, CA

Recipient Location

9th

Senate District

20th

Assembly District

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$2,806,975

Amount Spent

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Active

Project Status

Project Update

In 2023, Porifera advanced the design and early production of its parallel format osmotic membrane module, transitioning from initial concepts to functional prototypes. The team successfully manufactured multiple PFO-200 elements that passed internal QA/QC checks and conducted extensive testing to evaluate performance and inform design improvements. Key outcomes included refining manufacturing processes to improve product integrity and consistency, as well as modifying and optimizing equipment to support reliable assembly. Following successful testing of single prototype elements, Porifera scaled production to fabricate additional prototypes and evaluated larger assemblies operating under parallel flow conditions representative of commercial systems, demonstrating the technology’s processing capabilities.

In 2024, Porifera completed Phase 1 Manufacturing Design and Build, establishing a semi-automated manufacturing line for initial production of PFO-200 membrane packets. This phase included facility preparation, equipment procurement, installation, commissioning, and initial process validation to enable low-rate initial production. The team also developed detailed specification sheets for the PFO-200 element and shared project progress through presentations at industry events such as the Membrane Technology Forum and the EPIC Symposium. Ongoing work focused on evaluating element performance, refining cleaning protocols, and advancing automation of the manufacturing line to improve consistency and prepare for scale-up in Phase 2.

In 2025, Porifera advanced into Phase 2 of the project, focusing on improving manufacturing processes, quality control, and scalability of its membrane module production. Building on the semi-automated manufacturing line established in Phase 1, the team implemented targeted equipment upgrades and process improvements, including automated solution preparation for QA/QC, enhanced temperature control, robotic adhesive dispensing, and expanded durability and endurance testing. These efforts were driven by lessons learned from earlier manufacturing challenges, such as adhesive inconsistencies, mold deformation, and performance variability, and resulted in more reliable, repeatable production processes. In parallel, Porifera progressed toward PFO-275 system-level integration by supporting the assembly and glue curing of PFO-200 elements and continuing validation of performance and cleaning protocols, positioning the technology for scalable, commercial deployment.

The Issue

Water is a critical resource for drought-prone California. The agriculture and industry sectors face increasing pressure to reduce freshwater consumption and to implement reuse of wastewater. There is opportunity to utilize wastewater through recycling technology and processes. However, high purity water reuse is traditionally energy intensive and expensive, and requires large treatment facilities.

Project Innovation

This project’s core innovation lies in advancing forward osmosis (FO) from a promising but difficult-to-commercialize technology into a scalable, manufacturable solution for industrial water treatment. Unlike conventional pressure-driven processes such as reverse osmosis, FO uses osmotic gradients rather than high pressure to draw water across a membrane with reduced osmotic forces, enabling lower energy consumption. FO is inherently low-fouling and can treat water that challenges other membrane technologies like reverse osmosis (RO). However, past FO systems have struggled with reliability, complexity, and cost. The PFO membrane is 2-3 times more efficient than the competing flat sheet FO membranes. Porifera’s PFO modules that house the PFO membrane have completely open channels that enable high flow velocities at low pressure drops. This is critical for processing waste streams with high concentrations of dissolved organics and suspended solids. Other FO technologies use spiral-wound or hollow fiber form-factors that are not optimized for FO. No other FO technology has the ability to process high fouling waste streams with as many suspended solids and dissolved organics as Porifera’s technology. The large-format, parallel-flow membrane module (PFO-200) and corresponding low-rate initial production (LRIP) manufacturing process developed under this project produce these modules more consistently and at scale. Key improvements include the modular/element design built from membrane packets, better flow through the system, and improved testing methods to ensure quality. Together, these advances make FO more practical for real-world use in industrial water reuse and wastewater treatment.

Project Goals

Design & build an LRIP manufacturing line capable of producing 56 units per day of PFO-200 membrane packets.
Design the manufacturing line to be capable of producing quality membrane packets with a failure rate between 1-5%
Achieve more than 50% savings compared to state-of-the-art technology.
Demonstrate the PFO-200’s ability to reduce total system footprint while maintaining water processing throughput.

Project Benefits

This Agreement will result in the ratepayer benefits of greater electricity reliability, lower costs, or increased safety by implementing an automated manufacturing line for PFO200 membrane technology. In addition to water reuse applications, PFO200 technology will help reduce energy use in California and globally by replacing thermal evaporators for food and beverage product concentration, for more efficient lithium dewatering, and potentially for other applications as well.

Greater Reliability

Reliability

Porifera’s PFO-200 enabled systems have 30 percent lower peak electricity demand for water reuse and near-zero liquid discharge (ZLD) applications. The reductions in peak demand will be even greater if the FO technology developed in this project is able to be applied to other industries.

Lower Costs

Affordability

Porifera’s PFO-200 technology could help reduce energy use in California and globally by replacing thermal evaporators used in food and beverage product concentration. Additionally, seawater desalination using FO has 70 percent lower total power demand than seawater desalination using conventional methods.

Environmental & Public Health

Environmental Sustainability

Porifera estimates its FO technology reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 30 percent for industrial water reuse projects, 85 percent for near-ZLD projects, and 70 percent for seawater desalination projects compared to conventional technology.

Economic Development

Economic Development

Porifera employs over 20 employees in a variety of positions at its headquarters. The LRIP developed under this project is housed at this facility and the modules are assembled into full systems at this facility as well.

Key Project Members

Olgica Bakajin, CEO

Olgica Bakajin

CEO

Subrecipients

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Simplexity Product Development Inc.

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Match Partners

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Porifera, Inc.

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Simplexity Product Development Inc.

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Mann+Hummel Water &amp

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Fluid Solutions, Inc.

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Certified Labs of Northern California

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Samuel R. Alarcon Inc

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Jonathan Bernerd Flores

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H2O Precision

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