Hybrid Modular Storage System (HMSS) as a long-duration energy storage technology Demonstration

Resiliency, Health, and Safety Energy Storage

Indian Energy LLC

Recipient

Anaheim, CA

Recipient Location

37th

Senate District

68th

Assembly District

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$4,551,824

Amount Spent

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Active

Project Status

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Project Update

The project team successfully identified four storage technology suppliers for demonstration and testing, including Invinity (vanadium redox flow battery), EOS (zinc hybrid cathode battery), Eaton (super capacitor), and Amber Kinetics (flywheel). Invinity and EOS batteries and the supercapacitor have been delivered to the test site at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar.Testing commenced in April 2025 and was completed in August 2025. The flywheel testing began in September 2025 and completed in December 2025. Final high-power testing is scheduled to be conducted at the Viejas Enterprise Microgrid in early 2026.

The Issue

While large scale energy storage is a critical success factor in the widespread de-carbonization of the nation's electric power generation and delivery capability, single technology solutions to date do not offer the required capacity, are too expensive, have short duty cycles, and much of their approach is harmful to the environment when decommissioning occurs. Furthermore, there is no single technology that addresses all needs when there are various applications and requirements.

Project Innovation

This project will develop a highly customizable solution for energy storage that will efficiently deliver the optimal system configuration of energy storage technologies that will best fit the application needed by the DOD and other end users. The approach to dealing with a highly customized problem is to create an energy storage solution that equally customized to meet the requirements of each application. Indian Energy's solution accomplishes this through a Hybrid Modular Storage System (HMSS). The project will use the HMSS with three diverse non-Li ion energy storage technologies consisting of flow batteries, zinc hybrid cathodes batteries, and a fast-responding mechanical energy storage system to determine which system or combination of systems best responds to the needs of the Marines and the DOD. The final selected systems will provide 10 hours or more of energy storage capability to a critical facility on the Miramar Marine Corp Air Station.

Project Goals

Create a hybrid system combining batteries, supercapacitors, and flywheels for optimized, selectable, and reliable power.

Validate optimal storage technology settings for large, 400kW, long-duration hybrid modules to ensure maximum performance.

Project Benefits

This project will characterize the performance of four different energy storage solutions at technology readiness level (TRL) 4 in a new scalable microgrid architecture that is a candidate for wide deployment over the next few years in California. Through this work, the project will advance those solutions to TRL 6. By enabling more energy storage technologies to be integrated into a full solution, this project will create a system with greater flexibility for storing excess renewable energy generation.

Environmental Sustainability

An individual HMSS unit reduces 62,634 kg of CO2 emissions per year when charged with renewable energy generation and discharged at peak load hours.

Safety

The usage of non-flammable technologies in the full-scale integration ensures that the risk of thermal runaway is mitigated compared to Lithium-Ion technologies.

Energy Security

The best HMSS will then be scaled to 400kW/4MWh to achieve the 400kW, providing 10 hours of energy storage capability to support a critical facility on the Miramar Marine Corp Air Station.